Toxoplasmosis
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Toxoplasmosis is a common worldwide parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is usually an asymptomatic infection, but it is related withto several sequelae when acquired in-utero utero, or related to cerebral abscesses due to its reactivation in immunocompromised patients (e.g. HIV/AIDS).
Please refer to the following articles for further discussion:
Epidemiology
25-30% of the world's population is estimated to be infected by T. gondii, with a large range of prevalence between countries (from 10 to 80(10-80%) 1.
Clinical presentation
Patients typically present with fever, headache, and malaise. They may later develop personality changechanges and seizures.
Pathology
Human infection occurs via three primary routes 3:
ingestion of infected meat that has been inadequately cooked
ingestion of oocysts contained within faeces passed by an infected cat
direct transmission from a woman to her fetus
Radiographic features
Please, refer onto the following articles:
History and etymology
The parasite was first described by Charles Nicolle and Louis Manceaux in 1909 2.
-<p><strong>Toxoplasmosis</strong> is a common worldwide parasitic disease caused by the protozoan <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. It is usually an asymptomatic infection, but it is related with several sequelae when acquired <em>in-utero</em> or related with <a href="/articles/brain-abscess-1">cerebral abscesses</a> due to its reactivation in immunocompromised patients (e.g. <a href="/articles/hivaids">HIV/AIDS</a>).</p><p>Please refer to the following articles for further discussion:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Toxoplasmosis</strong> is a common worldwide parasitic disease caused by the protozoan <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. It is usually an asymptomatic infection, but it is related to several sequelae when acquired in utero, or related to <a href="/articles/cerebral-abscess-1">cerebral abscesses</a> due to its reactivation in immunocompromised patients (e.g. <a href="/articles/hivaids">HIV/AIDS</a>).</p><p>Please refer to the following articles for further discussion:</p><ul>
-<a href="/articles/fetal-toxoplasmosis">congenital toxoplasmosis</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/congenital-cerebral-toxoplasmosis">congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis</a></li></ul>- +<p><a href="/articles/fetal-toxoplasmosis">congenital toxoplasmosis</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/congenital-cerebral-toxoplasmosis">congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis</a></p></li></ul>
-<a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">neurotoxoplasmosis</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/toxoplasmosis-vs-lymphoma">toxoplasmosis vs. lymphoma</a></li></ul>- +<p><a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">neurotoxoplasmosis</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/toxoplasmosis-vs-lymphoma">toxoplasmosis vs lymphoma</a></p></li></ul>
-</ul><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>25-30% of the world's population is estimated to be infected by <em>T. gondii</em>, with a large range of prevalence between countries (from 10 to 80%) <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients typically present with fever, headache, and malaise. They may later develop personality change and seizures.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Human infection occurs via three primary routes <sup>3</sup>:</p><ul>-<li>ingestion of infected meat that has been inadequately cooked</li>-<li>ingestion of oocysts contained within faeces passed by an infected cat</li>-<li>direct transmission from a woman to her fetus</li>-</ul><h4>Radiographic features </h4><p>Please, refer on the following articles:</p><ul>- +</ul><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>25-30% of the world's population is estimated to be infected by <em>T. gondii</em>, with a large range of prevalence between countries (10-80%) <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients typically present with fever, headache, and malaise. They may later develop personality changes and seizures.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Human infection occurs via three primary routes <sup>3</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li><p>ingestion of infected meat that has been inadequately cooked</p></li>
- +<li><p>ingestion of oocysts contained within faeces passed by an infected cat</p></li>
- +<li><p>direct transmission from a woman to her fetus</p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Radiographic features </h4><p>Please refer to the following articles:</p><ul>
-<a href="/articles/fetal-toxoplasmosis">congenital toxoplasmosis</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/congenital-cerebral-toxoplasmosis">congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis</a></li></ul>- +<p><a href="/articles/fetal-toxoplasmosis">congenital toxoplasmosis</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/congenital-cerebral-toxoplasmosis">congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis</a></p></li></ul>
-<a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">neurotoxoplasmosis</a><ul><li><a href="/articles/toxoplasmosis-vs-lymphoma">toxoplasmosis vs lymphoma</a></li></ul>- +<p><a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">neurotoxoplasmosis</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/toxoplasmosis-vs-lymphoma">toxoplasmosis vs lymphoma</a></p></li></ul>
-</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>The parasite was first described by <strong>Charles Nicolle</strong> and <strong>Louis Manceaux</strong> in 1909 <sup>2</sup>. </p>- +</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>The parasite was first described by Charles Nicolle and Louis Manceaux in 1909 <sup>2</sup>. </p>
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