White matter changes in HIV
Disclosures
- updated 17 Aug 2022:
Nothing to disclose
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
White matter changes in HIV have overlapping appearances and varied in aetiology.
These can be divided into:
primary effects of HIV
neoplasms
vascular disease
metabolic and nutritional disorders
unknown mechanism
Primary effects of HIV
Opportunistic infection
cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis (can also cause ventriculitis)
other viral encephalitides
toxoplasmosis encephalitis (can also cause abscesses)
Neoplasms
Vascular disease
-
HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy 2
appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes
leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified
may affect large, medium and small vessels
may respond to ART
Metabolic and nutritional disorders
-
high T2 signal usually does not affect white matter
Unknown mechanism
-<li>primary effects of HIV</li>-<li><a href="/articles/opportunistic-infection">opportunistic infection</a></li>-<li>neoplasms</li>-<li>vascular disease</li>-<li>metabolic and nutritional disorders</li>-</ul><h5>Primary effects of HIV</h5><ul><li><a href="/articles/hiv-encephalitis">HIV encephalitis</a></li></ul><h5>Opportunistic infection</h5><ul>-<li>-<a href="/articles/cytomegalovirus-encephalitis">cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis</a> (can also cause ventriculitis)</li>-<li><a href="/articles/herpes-simplex-encephalitis">herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis </a></li>-<li>other <a href="/articles/viral-encephalitides">viral encephalitides</a>-</li>-<li><a href="/articles/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy">progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML)</a></li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis encephalitis</a> (can also cause abscesses)</li>-<li><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-2">CNS cryptococcus infection</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/tuberculosis-intracranial-manifestations">mycobacterial infection</a></li>-</ul><h5>Neoplasms</h5><ul><li><a href="/articles/primary-cns-lymphoma">primary CNS lymphoma</a></li></ul><h5>Vascular disease</h5><ul><li>-<a href="/articles/hiv-associated-cerebral-vasculopathy">HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy</a> <sup>2</sup><ul>-<li>appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes</li>-<li>leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified</li>-<li>may affect large, medium and small vessels</li>-<li>may respond to ART</li>- +<li><p>primary effects of HIV</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/opportunistic-infection">opportunistic infection</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>neoplasms</p></li>
- +<li><p>vascular disease</p></li>
- +<li><p>metabolic and nutritional disorders</p></li>
- +<li><p>unknown mechanism</p></li>
- +</ul><h5>Primary effects of HIV</h5><ul><li><p><a href="/articles/hiv-encephalitis">HIV-associated dementia (HAD)</a></p></li></ul><h5>Opportunistic infection</h5><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/cytomegalovirus-encephalitis">cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis</a> (can also cause ventriculitis)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/herpes-simplex-encephalitis">herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>other <a href="/articles/viral-encephalitides">viral encephalitides</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy">progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML)</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis encephalitis</a> (can also cause abscesses)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-2">CNS cryptococcus infection</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/tuberculosis-intracranial-manifestations">mycobacterial infection</a></p></li>
- +</ul><h5>Neoplasms</h5><ul><li><p><a href="/articles/lymphomas-of-the-central-nervous-system">primary CNS lymphoma</a></p></li></ul><h5>Vascular disease</h5><ul><li>
- +<p><a href="/articles/hiv-associated-cerebral-vasculopathy">HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy</a> <sup>2</sup></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes</p></li>
- +<li><p>leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified</p></li>
- +<li><p>may affect large, medium and small vessels</p></li>
- +<li><p>may respond to ART</p></li>
-<a href="/articles/wernicke-encephalopathy">Wernicke encephalopathy</a><ul><li>high T2 signal usually does not affect white matter</li></ul>-</li></ul>- +<p><a href="/articles/wernicke-encephalopathy">Wernicke encephalopathy</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p>high T2 signal usually does not affect white matter</p></li></ul>
- +</li></ul><h5>Unknown mechanism</h5><ul><li><p><a href="/articles/hiv-associated-cd8-encephalitis" title="HIV-associated CD8+ encephalitis">HIV-associated CD8<sup>+</sup> encephalitis</a></p></li></ul>
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