Articles
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16,876 results found
Article
Rorschach radiology
Rorschach radiology refers to those times in radiology when we come across images that look odd, comical or surprisingly beautiful, and one may even wonder whether there is a subliminal message within.
The original Rorschach test deals with the interpretation of inkblots as a method of psycholo...
Article
Beaver tail liver
Beaver tail liver, also known as a sliver of liver, is a variant of hepatic morphology where an elongated left liver lobe extends laterally to contact and often surround the anterior aspect of the spleen 2.
Beaver tail liver is more common in females. The parenchyma is normal and therefore has ...
Article
Radiographic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Radiographic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction involves:
femoral component
a line is drawn along the posterior cortex of the femur
a second line is drawn along the roof of the intercondylar notch of the femur (Blumensaat line)
the point of intersection of these tw...
Article
Posterior cruciate ligament tear
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears are less common than anterior cruciate ligament tears.
Epidemiology
Posterior cruciate ligament tears account for ~10% (range 2-23%) of all knee injuries 2.
Associations
Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are isolated in only 30% of cases and are t...
Article
Renal sinus cyst
Renal sinus cysts are simple renal cysts that lie within the renal sinus.
Terminology
It is worth noting that some authors 5,6 use the term renal lymphangiectasia interchangeably. It is likely that true renal lymphangiectasia is a separate and rare disorder, and is thus discussed separately.
...
Article
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a type of non-heritable pediatric cystic renal disease. It results in multiple cysts being formed in utero in the affected kidney.
Epidemiology
Unilateral incidence is estimated at 1:2500-4000. There may be a predisposition for the left kidney, a slightl...
Article
Pelviureteric junction obstruction
Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction/stenosis, also known as ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction/stenosis, can be one of the causes of obstructive uropathy. It can be congenital or acquired with a congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction being one of the commonest causes of antenat...
Article
Tibial plateau
The tibial plateau (pl: plateaus/plateaux 4) is the superior surface of the tibia, consisting of medial and lateral articular facets and the intercondylar area 5,6.
Terminology
Describing the "medial" or "lateral" tibial plateau is appropriate when used as an adjective but not as a noun, as th...
Article
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome, also known as 45XO or 45X, is the most common of the sex chromosome abnormalities in females.
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at 1:2000-5000 of live births, although the in utero rate is much higher (1-2% of conceptions) due to a significant proportion of affected fet...
Article
Musculoskeletal imaging (dual-energy CT)
Dual-energy CT has a number of clinical applications in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system particularly in the realm of artefact reduction and material composition.
Detection of bone marrow edema
Similar to the concept of using virtual non-contrast imaging, virtual non-calcium images...
Article
Ethmoid mucocele
An ethmoid mucocele is a form of paranasal sinus mucocele involving the ethmoid air cells. Depending on its anterior and/or posterior location, they can also include nasoethmoid and sphenoethmoid mucoceles. Ethmoid mucoceles are considered the second most common in location 2.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Corona mortis
The crown of death (Latin: corona mortis), is a common variant arterial anastomosis between the external iliac artery or deep inferior epigastric artery and the obturator artery. Injury to this anastomosis (e.g. due to pubic ramus fractures) may cause significant hemorrhage.
Epidemiology
The c...
Article
Renal trauma
Renal trauma can result from direct, blunt, penetrating, and iatrogenic injury.
Epidemiology
Renal injuries account for ~10% of abdominal trauma, and thus the demographic of affected individuals reflect that population. The incidence of renal injuries increases in pre-existing congenital or ac...
Article
Bone marrow edema
Bone marrow edema is the term given to abnormal fluid signals seen within the bone marrow on MRI. It is a non-specific yet important imaging finding, usually indicating the presence of underlying pathology.
Terminology
The term edema was coined on MRI as the signal in abnormal bone marrow is s...
Article
Aggressive vertebral hemangioma
Aggressive vertebral hemangiomata are a rare form of vertebral hemangiomata where significant vertebral expansion, extra-osseous component with epidural extension, disturbance of blood flow, and occasionally compression fractures can be present causing spinal cord and/or nerve root compression 1...
Article
Craniotomy
A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a piece of calvarial bone is removed to allow intracranial exposure. The bone flap is replaced at the end of the procedure, usually secured with microplates and screws. If the bone flap is not replaced it is either a craniectomy (bone removed) or cranio...
Article
Listeria meningoencephalitis
CNS infection with Listeria monocytogenes, classically presenting as listeria rhombencephalitis, results from infection with Listeria monocytogenes, a motile facultative anaerobic bacterium. It is cited as the most common etiology for rhombencephalitis, typically seen in the elderly, and resulti...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Whole-body CT (protocol)
CT polytrauma/multitrauma, also called trauma CT, whole body CT (WBCT) or panscan, is an increasingly used investigation in patients with multiple injuries sustained after significant trauma.
The majority of the evidence regarding whole-body CT is, understandably, retrospective. There is some e...
Article
Liver trauma
The liver is one of the most frequently damaged organs in blunt trauma, and liver trauma is associated with a significant mortality rate.
Epidemiology
In blunt abdominal trauma, the liver is injured ~5% (range 1-10%) of the time 1,3.
Clinical presentation
Patients can present with right uppe...
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