Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Ovarian serous tumors
Ovarian serous neoplasms are the commonest of four general types of the epithelial ovarian tumors, and are more prevalent than the mucinous ovarian tumors.
Serous ovarian neoplasms are subdivided into benign, borderline, and malignant lesions according to their malignant potential and clinical ...
Article
Adrenal myelolipoma
Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, benign and usually asymptomatic tumors of the adrenal gland characterized by the predominance of mature adipocytes.
On imaging, they usually present as large masses with a variable amount of fat-containing components.
Epidemiology
Myelolipomas are rare tumors o...
Article
Spondylodiscitis
Spondylodiscitis, (rare plural: spondylodiscitides) also referred to as discitis-osteomyelitis, is characterized by infection involving the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae.
Terminology
In adults, the use of the term discitis is generally discouraged as isolated infection of the spin...
Article
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax, commonly abbreviated to PTX, (plural: pneumothoraces) refers to the presence of gas (often air) in the pleural space. When this collection of gas constantly enlarges with resulting compression of mediastinal structures, it can be life-threatening and is known as a tension pneumotho...
Article
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusions are abnormal accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. They may result from a variety of pathological processes which overwhelm the pleura's ability to reabsorb fluid.
Terminology
"Pleural effusion" is commonly used as a catch-all term to describe any abnormal accumula...
Article
Osteochondroma
Osteochondromas are a relatively common imaging finding, accounting for 10-15% of all bone tumors and ~35% of all benign bone tumors. Although usually thought of as a benign bone tumor, they may be thought of as a developmental anomaly. They are frequently asymptomatic and have very low malignan...
Article
Kugel's artery
An uncommon variant of coronary arterial anatomy, Kugel's artery was originally described as an anastomotic communication between branches of the proximal left circumflex artery with the distal right coronary artery. These coronary trunks often communicate indirectly through atrial anastomotic n...
Article
Pancoast tumor
Pancoast tumor, also known as superior sulcus tumor, refers to a relatively uncommon situation where a primary lung cancer arises in the lung apex and invades the surrounding soft tissues. Classically a Pancoast syndrome results, but in actuality this is only seen in one quarter of cases.
Term...
Article
Scleroderma (musculoskeletal manifestations)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of scleroderma are common and variable.
For a general discussion of scleroderma, please refer to the parent article: scleroderma.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Imaging findings demonstrate bone and soft tissue changes 2-4. The hands are the most common...
Article
Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomies are craniectomies performed to relieve raised intracranial pressure, most commonly in the setting of florid cerebral edema following cranial trauma or swelling following infarction 1.
History
Craniectomies for the treatment of cranial trauma date back to at least 10...
Article
Glenohumeral arthrography
Glenohumeral (shoulder) arthrography is an imaging technique used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint to evaluate the joint components. A glenohumeral joint injection is usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance although ultrasound and CT can be also be used. An alternative to direct arthrogr...
Article
Keifhaber-Stern classification of volar plate avulsion injuries
The Keifhaber-Stern classification can be used to classify volar plate avulsion injuries of the fingers.
Usage
Along with the Eaton classification, this classification is considered (c. 2016) one of the most useful for the management of volar plate avulsion injuries 2.
For Keifhaber-Stern cl...
Article
MR arthrogram solution
MR arthrogram solution is a gadolinium-containing mixture injected into a joint for MR arthrography.
Terminology
Fluoroscopy, ultrasound or CT guidance can be used to cannulate a joint, which is then injected with the MR arthrogram solution. MR arthrogram solutions differ in different instit...
Article
Perthes disease
Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, refers to idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral epiphysis seen in children.
Terminology
Perthes disease should not be confused with Perthes lesion of the shoulder.
Epidemiology
Perthes disease is relatively uncommon and in Western...
Article
Volar plate avulsion injury
Volar plate avulsion injuries are a type of avulsion injury. The volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is vulnerable to hyperextension injury, in the form of either a ligament tear or an intra-articular fracture.
Gross anatomy
The volar plate forms the floor of the PIP joint ...
Article
Eaton classification of volar plate avulsion injury
The Eaton classification can be used to classify volar plate avulsion injuries of the fingers.
Usage
Along with the Keifhaber-Stern classification, this classification is considered (c. 2016) one of the most useful classifications for the management of volar plate avulsion injuries 2.
Knowle...
Article
Cyclops lesion (knee)
The cyclops lesion, also known as localized anterior arthrofibrosis, is a painful anterior knee mass associated with loss of extension that arises as a complication of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, although has rarely been reported in patients with ACL injuries that have not b...
Article
Subependymoma
Subependymomas are uncommon, benign (WHO grade 1) tumors which are slow-growing and non-invasive. They tend to occur in middle-aged and older individuals and usually identified as an incidental finding.
Terminology
These tumors were previously also known as subependymal astrocytomas, not to b...
Article
Mumps
Mumps is a (usually) self-limited viral infection that often occurs in epidemics among children. Its incidence has markedly diminished in countries with childhood vaccination programs, but may still be seen in adult patients who have not received vaccinations or who have waning immunity. It may ...
Article
Placental abruption
Placental abruption (or abruptio placentae) refers to a premature separation of the normally implanted placenta after the 20th week of gestation and before the 3rd stage of labor. It is a potentially fatal complication of pregnancy and a significant cause of third-trimester bleeding/antepartum h...
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