Articles
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16,873 results found
Article
Distal humeral fracture
Distal humeral fractures are traumatic injuries involving the epicondyles, the trochlea, the capitellum, and the metaphysis of the distal humerus. They are often the result of high-energy trauma, such as road traffic accidents or a fall from a height. In the elderly, they may occur as a domestic...
Article
Palatine bone
The palatine bones are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the hard palate with the maxillary bones. They also form part of the floor of the nasal cavity (the hard palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity).
Gross anatomy
The palatine bones are located at the b...
Article
Distal femoral fracture
Distal femoral fractures involve the femoral condyles and the metaphyseal region. They are often the result of high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or a fall from a height. In the elderly, they may occur as a domestic accident 1-3.
Epidemiology
They are quite rare and represent ~...
Article
Occipital bone
The occipital bone, also known as C0, is a trapezoid skull bone that contributes to the posteroinferior part of the cranial vault. It is pierced by the foramen magnum, permitting communication from the cranial cavity to the vertebral canal.
Terminology
Occiput is a noun referring to the back o...
Article
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the non-small cell carcinomas of the lung, second only to adenocarcinoma of the lung as the most commonly encountered lung cancer.
Epidemiology
Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for ~30-35% of all lung cancers and in most instances is due to heavy smokin...
Article
Maxilla
The maxillae (or maxillary bones) are a pair of symmetrical bones joined at the midline, which form the middle third of the face. Each maxilla forms the floor of the nasal cavity and parts of its lateral wall and roof, the roof of the oral cavity, contains the maxillary sinus, and contributes mo...
Article
Mandible
The mandible is the single midline bone of the lower jaw. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles (angle of the jaw). It articulates with both temporal bones at the mandibular fo...
Article
Lacrimal bone
The lacrimal bones are paired craniofacial bones forming the anterior aspect of the medial orbital walls.
Gross anatomy
The lacrimal bones have two surfaces and four borders. The lateral orbital surface is divided by a vertical posterior lacrimal crest with an anterior fossa for the lacrimal ...
Article
Ommaya reservoir
Ommaya reservoir, also known as Ommaya shunt, is a device for repetitive access to the intrathecal space, consisting of an intraventricular catheter connected to a reservoir (port) implanted beneath the scalp. It is used for intrathecal administration of medication such as chemotherapy (mainly i...
Article
Inferior nasal concha
The inferior nasal conchae or turbinates are one of the pairs of conchae in the nose.
Gross anatomy
It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of ...
Article
Ethmoid bone
The ethmoid bone is a single midline facial bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain and is located at the roof of the nose and between the orbits. It is a cubical shape and is relatively lightweight because of its spongy construction and air-filled sinuses. It contributes to the ante...
Article
Frontal bone
The frontal bone is a skull bone that contributes to the cranial vault. It contributes to form part of the anterior cranial fossa.
Gross anatomy
The frontal bone has two portions:
vertical portion (squama): has external/internal surfaces
horizontal portion (orbital): has superior/inferior su...
Article
Skull
The skull (TA: cranium) is the superior-most part of the human skeleton and houses the brain and includes the skeletal elements of the face. It consists of numerous bones connected to each other by sutures which renders them immobile.
Terminology
Variability in which bones to include and how t...
Article
Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors or RECIST refers to a set of published rules used to assess tumor burden in order to provide an objective assessment of response to therapy. They were initially introduced in 2000 with revision in 2009 (RECIST 1.1).
For the evaluation of tumors treat...
Article
Multiple system atrophy parkinsonian type (MSA-P)
Multiple system atrophy parkinsonian type (MSA-P), previously known as striatonigral degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease, and one of the phenotypes of multiple systemic atrophy (MSA).
Terminology
It is important to note that the current belief that olivopontocerebellar degeneration, S...
Article
Multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C)
Multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C), previously known as olivopontocerebellar degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease, and one of the clinical phenotypes of multiple systemic atrophy (MSA).
Terminology
It is important to note that the current belief that olivopontocerebellar d...
Article
Hot cross bun sign (pons)
The hot cross bun sign refers to the MRI appearance of the pons when T2 hyperintensity forms a cross on axial images, representing selective degeneration of transverse pontocerebellar tracts and median pontine raphe nuclei 1.
It has been described in a variety of neurodegenerative and other con...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a cause of inner retinal infarction and profound, monocular vision loss, most commonly caused by embolic occlusion of the central retinal artery.
Epidemiology
The most common etiological associations with occlusion of the central retinal artery inclu...
Article
Interval breast cancer
Interval breast cancer is a term given to cancers detected/presenting within 12 months after a mammographic screening in which findings are considered normal 2. The term is a statistical benchmark used in conjunction with other parameters to assess the efficacy of breast imaging programmes and t...
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