Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
15 results found
Article
Adrenal glands ultrasound
Adrenal glands ultrasound, is an imaging method that can provide valuable information regarding their size, shape, and structure. As a result, it can aid in diagnosing various pathological conditions related to adrenal gland function.
Techniques
Several ultrasound techniques can be employed to...
Article
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (occasionally abbreviated as ce-VUS) is a relatively novel contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic technique utilizing microbubbles to detect vesicoureteral reflux.
Indications
Suspected or confirmed vesicoureteral reflux is the primary indication for contra...
Article
CT chest abdomen-pelvis (protocol)
The CT chest-abdomen-pelvis protocol serves as an outline for an examination of the trunk covering the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is one of the most common CT examinations conducted in routine and emergencies. It can be combined with a CT angiogram.
Note: This article aims to frame a genera...
Article
Vicarious contrast media excretion
Vicarious contrast media excretion (VCME) refers to the excretion of intravascularly-administered water-soluble iodinated contrast media in a way other than via normal renal excretion. More rarely it may occur following oral contrast medium administration 6.
Epidemiology
The most common vicari...
Article
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), also known as nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, occurs almost exclusively in patients with renal impairment and is associated with the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in MRI.
The American College of Radiology (ACR) has divide...
Article
Citrate peak
Citrate is a compound examined in MR spectroscopy in the setting of possible prostate carcinoma. Citrate resonates at 2.6 ppm and is decreased in prostate cancer.
For more information go to: MR spectroscopy in prostate cancer
Article
Renal intraparenchymal acceleration time
Renal intraparenchymal acceleration time is a parameter used in assessing renal arterial stenosis on Doppler ultrasound. It is the time taken from the start of systole to peak systole.
normal range: a value of usually <0.07 seconds (<70 ms) is taken as being within normal limits 1
See also
a...
Article
Pseudoenhancement
Pseudoenhancement is an artifact encountered with contrast-enhanced CT, whereby the calculated density of a lesion is inaccurately increased. This phenomenon is most often problematic during evaluation of renal cysts by CT.
On CT, it can be challenging to distinguish cystic versus solid renal l...
Article
Twinkling artifact
Twinkling artifact is seen with color flow Doppler ultrasound 1. It occurs as a focus of alternating colors on Doppler signal behind a reflective object (such as a calculus or air), which gives the appearance of turbulent blood flow 2. It appears with or without an associated color comet tail ar...
Article
Tc-99m MAG3
Tc-99m MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine) is one of the technetium radiopharmaceuticals used in renal imaging. Due to favorable energy and dosimetric characteristics, MAG3 radiolabeled with technetium has replaced the iodide-131 Hippuran for the study of renal function (tubular secretion physiology...
Article
Comet tail artifact
The comet tail artifact is a grey scale ultrasound finding seen when small calcific / crystalline / highly reflective objects are interrogated and is believed to be a special form of reverberation artifact.
It is similar to the color comet tail artifact and is seen in similar situations, althou...
Article
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) involves the administration of intravenous contrast agents consisting of microbubbles/nanobubbles of gas.
Clinical applications
liver
hepatic metastasis
cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma
cholangiocarcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatic adenoma
focal no...
Article
Prostate MRI protocol
Prostate MRI has become an increasingly frequent examination faced in daily radiological practice and is usually acquired as either multiparametric or biparametric MRI of the prostate.
This article aims to outline the concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of the prostate.
Recommendatio...
Article
Male pelvic ultrasound (technique)
The male pelvic ultrasound is a noninvasive, painless and effective diagnostic imaging technique used for evaluating and examining the pelvic region, specifically the lower abdomen, bladder and prostate gland in males.
Indications
Some common indications for male pelvic ultrasound are 1,2:
ur...
Article
Tc-99m pertechnetate
Tc-99m pertechnetate (Na+ 99mTc O4-) is one of the technetium radiopharmaceuticals used in imaging of thyroid, colon, bladder and stomach.
Technetium (99mTc) has eight oxidation states 6, from -1 to +7; specifically, the oxidation state of technetium in the pertechnetate anion (99mTcO4-) is +7....
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