Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,466 results found
Article
Sessile
Sessile is a pathological term which is used for lesions that are attached by their base, that is they lack a stalk i.e. are not pedunculated. It is most commonly used for intraluminal polyps in the GI tract.
History and etymology
Sessile is derived from the Latin word "sessilis" which means s...
Article
Acute abdominal series
The acute abdominal series is a common set of abdominal radiographs obtained to evaluate bowel gas.
Indications
The acute series is used for a variety of indications including:
determine the amount of bowel gas, with possible bowel distention
assess air-fluid levels
query pneumoperitoneum...
Article
Isthmus (disambiguation)
Isthmus (plural: isthmi) is an anatomical term and refers to a slender structure joining two larger components. Some of these uses of the word isthmus are now rarely used or only seen in older texts and articles:
isthmus (aorta)
isthmus (auditory tube)
isthmus (auricle of the ear)
isthmus (c...
Article
Anal cancer (staging)
The TNM staging of anal cancer is as follows:
Primary tumor (T)
TX: primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0: no evidence of primary tumor
Tis: carcinoma in situ (Bowen disease, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL], anal intraepithelial neoplasia II-III (AIN II-III)
T1: tumor 2 cm o...
Article
Stab wound (overview)
Stab wounds are a form of penetrating trauma that may be self-inflicted or inflicted by another person either accidentally or intentionally. They may be caused by a variety of objects and may occur anywhere in the body.
Terminology
Although commonly caused by a knife as well, slash injuries di...
Article
Emphysematous pancreatitis
Emphysematous pancreatitis is an unusual complication of acute pancreatitis caused by necrotizing infection of the pancreas. It is associated with gas-forming bacteria and characterized by the presence of gas within or around the pancreas 1.
Pathology
Infection with gas-forming bacteria such ...
Article
De Garengeot hernia
De Garengeot hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are femoral hernias that contain the appendix.
It is not to be confused with Amyand hernia, which is an appendix-containing inguinal hernia.
Epidemiology
It is a rare phenomenon, with only 1% of all femoral hernias containing the appendix (an...
Article
Bird beak sign (esophagus)
The bird's beak sign of the esophagus is used to refer to the tapering of the inferior esophagus in achalasia. The same appearance is also referred to as the rat's tail sign.
The appearance, although classically occurring in primary achalasia, can also occur in pseudoachalasia due to a gastric ...
Article
Cryptococcoma
Cryptococcomas are a rare complication of infection by the Cryptococcus genus of invasive fungi, where a discrete, encapsulated lesion of immune infiltrates and pathogen forms. Cryptococcus gattii is most often isolated but Cryptococcus neoformans may also form cryptococcomas.
Epidemiology
In ...
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
Article
CT esophagography
CT esophagography is a CT study designed to primarily evaluate the esophagus, particularly in the situation of esophageal trauma and potential perforation. It has been developed partly as an alternative to fluoroscopic barium swallow evaluation in this situation.
Indications
potential esophage...
Article
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that not only predominantly affects the colon, but also has extra-intestinal manifestations.
Epidemiology
Typically ulcerative colitis manifests in young adults (15-40 years of age) and is more prevalent in males but the onset of d...
Article
Abdominal adhesions
Abdominal adhesions are bands of scar tissue (fibrous or fibrofatty), most often occurring as a complication of previous abdominal surgery.
Pathology
Adhesions often occur with
multiple abdominal operations or previous postoperative intra-abdominal complications
history of intra-abdominal infla...
Article
Melioidosis
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (previously known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) and is a multisystem disorder which may affect the lungs, brain, visceral organs, or musculoskeletal system.
Epidemiology
Melioidosis is a disease of the monsoo...
Article
Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) refers to the idiopathic thickening of gastric pyloric musculature which then results in progressive gastric outlet obstruction.
Epidemiology
Pyloric stenosis is relatively common, with an incidence of approximately 2-5 per 1000 births, and a male predilect...
Article
Graft versus host disease
Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, commonly known as bone marrow transplantation. Antirejection drugs have reduced the incidence, although it does still frequently occur.
Pathology
Graft versus host disease can pr...
Article
Chylous ascites
Chylous ascites (also known as chyloperitoneum) is defined as the abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of milky lymphatic fluid with a triglyceride level >110 mg/dL 1. Etiologically it is due to a disruption of the lymphatic system, most commonly obstructive due to a mass or traumatic (which ma...
Article
Pancreatic calcifications
Pancreatic calcifications can arise from many etiologies.
Punctate intraductal calcifications
chronic pancreatitis
alcoholic pancreatitis (20-40%) 2
intraductal, numerous, small, irregular
preponderant cause of diffuse pancreatic intraductal calcification
gallstone pancreatitis (2%) 2
m...
Article
Mesenteric cyst
Mesenteric cysts are a very rare cause of abdominal pain and have a wide range of underlying causes.
Terminology
The term "mesenteric cyst" is considered a descriptive of the location and gross appearance of "any cyst" arising in the mesentery 8.
Epidemiology
Mesenteric cysts are rare, with...
Article
Schatzki ring
A Schatzki ring, also called a Schatzki-Gary ring, is a symptomatic, narrow esophageal B-ring occurring in the distal esophagus and usually associated with a hiatus hernia.
Epidemiology
Relatively common, lower esophageal rings are found in ~6-14% of oesophagrams 9.
Associations
More than ...
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