Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,878 results found
Article
Ganglioneurocytoma
Ganglioneurocytomas are rare variants of extraventricular neurocytomas, themselves an uncommon variant of central neurocytomas (intraventricular).
They are recognized in the current (2016) WHO classification of CNS tumors when an extraventricular neurocytoma demonstrates a distinctive and defin...
Article
Fibrosing organizing pneumonia
Fibrosing organizing pneumonia is a term usually given in a situation to cases with previous organizing pneumonia which progresses with a fibrotic component. Many of these cases tend to be those of secondary organizing pneumonia.
Article
Ethylene glycol toxicity
Ethylene glycol toxicity is a type of toxic leukoencephalopathy. Ethylene glycol, best known as a component of antifreeze, has been ingested both deliberately and accidentally, resulting in neurotoxicity and renal failure.
Epidemiology
Ethylene glycol is found in many compounds including antif...
Article
Retina
The retina (plural: retinas/retinae) forms part of the optic pathway. It is a thin lining on the inner surface of the globe and converts visible light into a neural signal.
Arterial supply
The blood supply of the retina is from two sources, supplying different portions of the organ. The integ...
Article
Lines and tubes (radiograph)
Lines and tubes are important components in chest radiographic evaluation.
Nasogastric tube (NGT)
See: nasogastric tube positioning.
Correct position
NG tube tip ≥10 cm distal to the gastro-esophageal junction
i.e. below the left hemidiaphragm
Complications
insertion into trachea or bron...
Article
Hybrid nerve sheath tumor
Hybrid nerve sheath tumors or hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumors (HPNST) are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors displaying combined morphological characteristics of more than one of the conventional tumor types such as schwannoma neurofibroma or perineurioma. Recognized combinations are:
...
Article
Aortic-pulmonary stripe
The aortic-pulmonary stripe is an uncommon feature of frontal chest radiographs and was first described by Keats in 1972 1.
It is formed by the interface of the pleural surface of the anterior segment of the left upper lobe contacting the mediastinal fat that is anterolateral to the pulmonary t...
Article
Cavernous sinus gas
Cavernous sinus gas locules can be seen in several settings.
iatrogenic pneumocephalus secondary to gas embolism (especially venous gas embolism) from IV access (can be a relatively common finding in the absence of direct trauma and does not usually require treatment).
traumatic pneumocephalus...
Article
Cavum veli interpositi
A cavum veli interpositi (CVI), often incorrectly termed a cavum velum interpositum, is an anatomic variation where there is a dilatation of the normal cistern of the velum interpositum. When larger than 1 cm in axial transverse measurement, with outwardly bowed margins and positive mass effect,...
Article
Pediatric nasal cavity masses
Pediatric nasal cavity masses can occur within the nose or the nasopharynx. These masses are often found incidentally on imaging but can be readily apparent clinically.
Clinical presentation
The clinical features of these lesions tend to mimic upper respiratory processes and may result in dela...
Article
Skeletal survey (overview)
The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol.
There are various clinical indications that may wa...
Article
Bowl of grapes sign
The bowl of grapes sign has been described in synovial sarcoma. It refers to the characteristic multilobulated lesion subdivided by multiple septa, forming large cystic foci with regions of hemorrhage.
Article
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatological disease with several variants. The most common variant is plaque psoriasis, other variants of the disease are guttate, erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis 1.
Epidemiology
There is a geographic variation in the prevalence of psoriasis such that popul...
Article
Extradural neural axis compartment
Extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC) exists from the tip of the coccyx all the way to the back of the globe, and yet it is relatively unknown as a concept. It is bounded externally by the periosteum of the vertebrae and sacrum inferiorly and the skull superiorly, and the visceral (meningea...
Article
Right lower lobe collapse
Right lower lobe (RLL) collapse has distinctive features, and is usually relatively easily identified. The smaller overlying heart shadow obscures less lung compared with left lower lobe collapse.
Findings of lower lobe collapse can be grouped together as they are almost identical on both side...
Article
Os odontoideum
Os odontoideum (plural: ossa odontoidea) is an anatomic variant of the odontoid process of C2 and needs to be differentiated from persistent ossiculum terminale and from a type 2 odontoid fracture. It can be associated with atlantoaxial instability.
Although it was originally thought to be a c...
Article
Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures
The Anderson and Montesano classification is a widely used system for describing occipital condyle fractures. It divides injuries into three types based on morphology and mechanism of injury 1-5.
Classification
type I: impacted type occipital condyle fracture
morphology: comminution of the co...
Article
Caput medusae sign (developmental venous anomaly)
The caput medusae sign also sometimes known as a palm tree sign refers to developmental venous anomalies of the brain, where a number of veins converge centrally into a single draining vein.
The sign is seen on both CT and MRI when contrast medium is administered. Angiographically the caput me...
Article
Shear wave elastography
Shear wave elastography is a developing variation of ultrasound imaging.
The concept is similar to strain elastography, but instead of using transducer pressure to compare a shift in an ultrasound A-line (thereby measuring changes in strain), a higher intensity pulse is transmitted to produce s...
Article
Germ cell tumors of the ovary
Germ cell tumors of the ovary account for approximately 15-20% of all ovarian tumors. In children and adolescents, up to 60% of ovarian tumors can be of germ cell origin.
They include:
ovarian teratoma(s): commonest primary benign tumor of ovary and commonest germ cell tumor:
mature (cystic) ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.