Items tagged “emergency medicine”
75 results found
Article
Blunt cardiac injury
Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) is most commonly the result of sudden deceleration or direct precordial impact and encompasses a spectrum of structural and functional cardiac derangements that may occur after trauma to the heart 7.
Terminology
While sometimes referred to with general terms such as ...
Article
Left bundle branch block
A form of interventricular conduction defect most often diagnosed on the electrocardiogram, the presence of a left bundle branch block (LBBB) disrupts the normal sequence of ventricular depolarization.
Epidemiology
Aberrant conduction in the left bundle branch producing a conduction block is ...
Article
Orbital compartment syndrome
Orbital compartment syndrome is an ophthalmological emergency referring to an increased intraorbital pressure that may lead to permanent visual impairment if left untreated.
Clinical presentation
Findings on exam may include:
decreased visual acuity 6
globe palpably tense and resistant to ma...
Article
Central retinal vein occlusion
A leading cause of monocular vision loss, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is most commonly caused by thrombosis of the central retinal vein, resulting in retinal edema and hemorrhage.
Terminology
Occlusion of the central retinal vein is subclassified as ischemic and non-ischemic based on...
Article
Broad ligament hernia
Broad ligament hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of internal hernia in which small bowel passes through a congenital or acquired defect in the broad ligament.
Epidemiology
Broad ligament herniation is very rare and accounts for 4%-7% of all internal hernias 1.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Supravesical hernia
Supravesical hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of abdominal hernia in which viscera protrude through the supravesical fossa.
Pathology
Laxity with failure of the transversalis fascia and the transversus abdominis muscle are the main cause of supravesical hernias in virgin abdome...
Article
Internal supravesical hernia
Internal supravesical hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of internal hernia in which viscera protrude into the supravesical fossa, occupying the paravesical space.
Epidemiology
It is a very rare condition and accounts for less than 4% of all internal herniae 4.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Splenic volvulus
Splenic volvulus (rare plural: volvuli) also called splenic torsion may be seen as a complication of a wandering spleen due to weakness of the splenic ligaments 1.
Clinical presentation
abdominal pain: mild to severe in intensity which depends on the degree of torsion 4-6
abdominal mass 5
ab...
Article
APPEND score
The APPEND score is a clinical decision rule and predictor of the likelihood of acute appendicitis.
Criteria
Each of the following is worth 1 point 1:
male gender
anorexia
migratory pain
localized peritonism
elevated CRP >15 mg/L
neutrophilia >7.5x109/L
APPEND refers to the mnemonic:
A...
Article
Shock
Shock is a pathologic state in which cellular injury results from an inadequate degree of effective tissue perfusion 5. It is commonly subcategorized by hemodynamic parameters into hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and extracardiac obstructive shock 1. Common causes include hemorrhage, car...
Article
Febrile seizure
Febrile seizures are a largely idiopathic phenomenon which may occur between 6 and 60 months of age, defined by a seizure occurring concomitantly with a temperature over 38°C (100.4°F). This entity excludes seizures associated with infections of the central nervous system such as bacterial menin...
Article
Fascia iliaca compartment block (ultrasound)
The fascia iliaca compartment block is a nerve block used to provide anesthesia to the lower extremity commonly in the perioperative period. It is most commonly used for analgesia of the hip, thigh, and knee. It involves the deposition of a local anesthetic beneath the fascia iliaca, targeting t...
Article
Lung pulse sign (ultrasound)
The lung pulse sign refers to the sonographic finding of apparent oscillations of the pleural line occurring secondary to transmitted vibrations from cardiac contractile activity 1.
Typically obscured by the more apparent “lung sliding” as a result of ventilated lung expanding and contracting ...
Article
AIR score
Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score is a scoring system developed to assist in diagnosis of acute appendicitis based on clinical and laboratory findings 1.
Criteria
vomiting (+1 point)
right iliac fossa tenderness (+1 point)
rebound tenderness
light (+1 point), or
medium (+2 poi...
Article
Greater occipital nerve block (ultrasound-guided)
A greater occipital nerve block is a diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure in which the medial, sensory branch from the second cervical spinal nerve is targeted with local anesthesia.
Indications
occipital neuralgia
migraine
post-dural puncture headache
cluster headache
Contraindicatio...
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