Items tagged “kidney”
97 results found
Article
Bear paw sign (kidney)
The bear paw sign refers to the cross-sectional appearance of the kidney affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is a radial arrangement of multiple, low attenuation rounded spaces representing dilated calyces, surrounded by thin renal parenchyma that has higher attenuation or cont...
Article
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis (plural: acute pyelonephritides) is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma most commonly seen in young women. It remains common and continues to have significant morbidity in certain groups of patients.
Epidemiology
The incidence of acute pyelonephritis p...
Article
Striated nephrogram
Striated nephrogram is a descriptive term indicating the appearance of alternating linear bands of high and low attenuation in a radial pattern extending through the corticomedullary layers of the kidney on iodine-based intravenous contrast-enhanced imaging.
It is important to know that a simil...
Article
Cortical rim sign (kidneys)
The cortical rim sign describes the thin, viable rim of subcapsular cortex seen on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI in major renal vascular compromise including:
renal artery obstruction from embolism, thrombosis or dissection
renal vein thrombosis
acute tubular necrosis
acute cortical necrosis
...
Article
Lobar nephronia
Lobar nephronia, also known as acute focal nephritis, refers to an intermediate stage between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess, and is a focal region of interstitial nephritis.
It appears as a wedge of poorly perfused renal parenchyma, without a cortical rim sign.
The condition is discu...
Article
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), also sometimes referred to as "adult polycystic kidney disease", is an inherited form of adult cystic renal disease.
Epidemiology
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is one of the most common serious hereditary diseases, found in ...
Article
Renal oncocytosis
Renal oncocytosis, also known as renal oncocytomatosis, is the presence of many concurrent renal oncocytomas with or without renal cell carcinomas. Typically a dominant larger tumor is present, with bilateral innumerable smaller tumors. Sometimes renal failure may develop 1.
Article
Crossed fused renal ectopia
Crossed fused renal ectopia refers to an anomaly where the kidneys are fused and located on the same side of the midline.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is around 1 out of 1000 births 1. There is a recognized male predilection with a 2:1 male to female ratio. More than 90% of crossed ren...
Article
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of early childhood, closely related to atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) of the brain (see rhabdoid tumors).
Epidemiology
Rhabdoid tumors occur exclusively in children, with 60% occurring before the age of 1 year of a...
Article
Renal cortical necrosis
Renal cortical necrosis occurs as a result of severe systemic illness in a variety of settings and can result in permanent renal impairment. The condition is usually bilateral but may occasionally be unilateral.
Pathology
Etiology
severe hemodynamic shock
hemorrhagic shock
postpartum hemor...
Article
Renal medullary carcinoma
Renal medullary carcinoma is a very rare and highly aggressive variant of renal cell carcinoma centered in the renal medulla.
Epidemiology
The overwhelming majority of cases occur in individuals with sickle cell trait (HbAS) and, less commonly, with the hemoglobin SC (HbSC) variant of sickle ...
Article
Dromedary hump
Dromedary humps are prominent focal bulges on the lateral border of the left kidney. They are normal variants of the renal contour, caused by the splenic impression onto the superolateral left kidney.
Dromedary humps are important because they may mimic a renal mass, and as such is considered a...
Article
Weigert-Meyer law
The Weigert-Meyer law describes the relationship of the upper and lower renal moieties in duplicated collecting systems to their drainage inferiorly.
Weigert-Meyer law
With duplex kidney and complete ureteral duplication, the upper renal and lower renal moieties are drained by separate ureters...
Article
Drooping lily sign (ureter)
The drooping lily sign is a urographic sign in some patients with a duplicated collecting system. It refers to the inferolateral displacement of the opacified lower pole moiety due to an obstructed (and unopacified) upper pole moiety.
The similarity to a lily is further strengthened by the smal...
Article
Putty kidney
A putty kidney refers to a pattern of renal calcification associated with renal tuberculosis conventionally described on plain radiography. The calcification can be large, round or oval, dense or very homogeneous and ground glass-like, representing calcified caseous tissue within dilated calyces...
Article
Renal artery occlusion (acute)
Renal artery occlusion can happen acutely due to in-situ thrombus, embolism, or dissection. Unless immediately treated, it can lead to renal infarction 1.
Epidemiology
The condition is more common in the elderly, however, it may be seen in a younger age group if they have risk factors (describ...
Article
Avascular plane of Brodel
The avascular plane of Brodel is the section of renal parenchyma between 2/3 anterior and 1/3 posterior kidney on the cross-section that is relatively avascular. The reason for its relative avascularity is that it represents the plane where the anterior and posterior segmental renal artery branc...
Article
Pyonephrosis
Pyonephrosis is a term given to an infection of the kidney with pus in the upper collecting system which can progress to obstruction.
Pyonephrosis may be suspected when the clinical symptoms of fever and flank pain are combined with the radiologic evidence of urinary tract obstruction 1. Debris...
Article
Percutaneous renal biopsy
Percutaneous renal biopsy, utilizing either ultrasound or CT, allows for an accurate, reliable method of acquiring renal tissue for histopathological assessment.
The biopsy may be of a native or transplant kidney. It is divided into two types:
non-focal or non-targeted
focal or targeted ...
Article
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis (plural: hydronephroses) is defined as dilatation of the urinary collecting system of the kidney (the calyces, the infundibula, and the pelvis) 1.
Hydronephrosis in fetuses and newborns has specific causes that are covered in a separate article.
Terminology
The term hydroureter...
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