Items tagged “re-write”
141 results found
Article
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF), also called mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects the exocrine function of the lungs, liver, pancreas, small bowel, sweat glands, and the male genital system. This is resulting in progressive disability and multisystem failure.
This article...
Article
Indirect inguinal hernia
Indirect inguinal hernias (alternative plural: herniae), a type of groin herniation, are the most common type of abdominal hernia.
Epidemiology
It is five times more common than a direct inguinal hernia, and is seven times more frequent in males, due to the persistence of the processus vaginal...
Article
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an illness caused by an immunological reaction following group A streptococcal infection.
Epidemiology
Risk factors include:
children and adolescents aged 5 to 15 years
developing nations where antibiotic prescription is low 1
poverty, overcrowding
Clinical presentation...
Article
Hyperdense MCA sign (brain)
The hyperdense MCA sign, also known as Gács sign, is a type of hyperdense vessel sign and refers to focal hyperattenuation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) on non-contrast brain CT and is due to intraluminal thromboembolic material. It is the earliest visible sign of MCA infarction and is see...
Article
Alexander disease
Alexander disease, also known as fibrinoid leukodystrophy, is a rare fatal leukodystrophy, which usually becomes clinically evident in the infantile period, although neonatal, juvenile and even adult variants are recognized. As with many other diseases with variable age of presentation, the earl...
Article
Sigmoid mesocolon
The sigmoid mesocolon is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the sigmoid colon to the pelvic wall.
It is one of the four mesenteries in the abdominal cavity.
It has an "inverted V" line of attachment, the apex of which is near the division of the left common iliac artery. It has two limbs:
th...
Article
Habenula
The habenula is located anterolateraly to the pineal gland, posteromedial to the thalamus and is part of the epithalamus. It measures 5 to 9 mm in size 1,3. The habenula has traditionally been divided into lateral (limbic) and medial (motor) parts, although the lateral part can be further divide...
Article
Non-palpable breast lesions
With increasing use of screening mammography and ultrasound for various indications, a large number of non-palpable breast lesions are being detected.
Among this large number of non-palpable masses, not all are malignant. The incidence of malignancy among these non-palpable lesions varies betwe...
Article
Direct inguinal hernia
A direct inguinal hernia (alternative plural: herniae) is a type of groin herniation, that arises from protrusion of abdominal viscera through a weakness of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, specifically through Hesselbach's triangle.
This type ...
Article
Mazabraud syndrome
Mazabraud syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by skeletal fibrous dysplasia and intramuscular myxomas 1-3.
Epidemiology
Only 107 cases have been reported in the global literature (as of 2019) 1,3-5,15. The prevalence is ~ 1 in 1,000,000 3 with a strong female predilection (68-84%) 1,3. T...
Article
Coup de poignard of Michon
Coup de poignard of Michon refers to spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually as a result of a spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
Clinical presentation
Presentation is with sudden excruciating back pain, akin to being stabbed with a dagger (poignard is French for dagger). It is the coroll...
Article
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome, or Sjögren disease, is an autoimmune condition of the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Epidemiology
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common autoimmune disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. There is a recognized female predilection with F:M ratio of ~9:1. Patie...
Article
Multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C)
Multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C), previously known as olivopontocerebellar degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease, and one of the clinical phenotypes of multiple systemic atrophy (MSA).
Terminology
It is important to note that the current belief that olivopontocerebellar d...
Article
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune polyradiculopathies, involving sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It is the most common cause of rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis. It is believed to be one of a number of related conditions, sharing a similar underlying...
Article
Glycogen storage disease
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) refers to a number of syndromes which are characterized by a defect in synthesis, metabolism or storage of glycogen.
Pathology
There are many types of GSD:
type I: von Gierke disease
type II: Pompe disease
type III: Cori or Forbes disease
type IV: Andersen di...
Article
Deep brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation is used in a variety of clinical settings, predominantly in patients with poorly controlled movement disorders. Although effective, its exact mode of function continues to be poorly understood 2.
Careful patient selection and target selection are essential if the proced...
Article
Pulmonary bulla
A pulmonary bulla (pleural bullae) is a gas-containing cystic structure formed by confluent destroyed and dilated airspaces (distal to terminal brochioles). They are typically well-demarcated and rounded with a fine smooth lining composed of a thin layer of collapsed lung 6.
Although bullae are...
Article
Sclerotic clavicle
Sclerotic clavicles have many causes:
trauma: fractured clavicle
arthritis: osteoarthritis, seronegative arthritides
osteitis condensans of the clavicle 1
SAPHO syndrome
clavicular tumors
metastases
osteosarcoma
lymphoma
osteoblastoma
bone island
tumor-like lesions
eosinophilic granu...
Article
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Ataxia-telangiectasia, also known as Louis-Bar syndrome, is a rare multisystem autosomal recessive disorder, sometimes classified as a phakomatosis. It is characterized by multiple telangiectasias, cerebellar ataxia, pulmonary infections, and immunodeficiency.
On brain imaging, it usually demo...
Article
Friedreich ataxia
Friedreich ataxia is the most common hereditary progressive ataxia.
Epidemiology
Thought to have an estimated prevalence of ~1:50,000. There is no recognized gender predilection.
Typically present in childhood to adolescence 11. Those with a higher number of trinucleotide repeats (>500) are t...