Items tagged “refs”
2,968 results found
Article
Cysts of Hattori
Cysts of Hattori, also known as posterior mediastinal paravertebral Müllerian cysts, are mediastinal cysts of Mullerian origin, lined by ciliated non-stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium, that occur in the posterior mediastinum.
Epidemiology
Of all mediastinal masses, ~20% (range 10–30%)...
Article
Signet ring sign (scaphoid)
The signet ring sign or cortical ring sign refers to the rounded cortex of the scaphoid tubercle on a AP or PA wrist radiograph due to rotatory subluxation from flexion of the scaphoid. It is seen in injuries of the scapholunate ligament (scapholunate dissociation) and the related perilunate and...
Article
Point shear wave elastography
Point shear wave elastography (pSWE) is a type of shear wave elastography using ultrasound machine where an acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is used to generate shear waves in targeted area of liver tissue.
Article
Subdural hematohygroma
Subdural hematohygromas are subdural hygromas into which bleeding has occurred. They are distinct from, and should not be confused with, acute on chronic subdural hematomas or with acute subdural hematomas with separation of blood into plasma and hematocrit.
Radiographic features
CT
Subdural ...
Article
Glenoiditis
Glenoiditis or glenoid wear is the progressive erosion/wear of the native glenoid and is the most common complication of shoulder hemiarthroplasty. It may be caused by oversized humeral heads and insufficient joint release.
Epidemiology
Glenoiditis after shoulder hemiarthroplasty occurs in one...
Article
Ganglion
A ganglion (plural: ganglia) is a group of neuronal cell bodies and processes located in the peripheral nervous system 1.
Ganglia can be categorized into two groups - sensory ganglia and autonomic ganglia. Sensory ganglia primarily contain the cell bodies of neurons as well as their central an...
Article
Rocking-horse phenomenon
Rocking-horse phenomenon occurs in total shoulder arthroplasty when there is an abnormal glenoid version angle positioning that causes glenoid component failure.
The glenoid component is stable when the load applied by the humeral head is centered, whereas anterior or posterior translation of ...
Article
Stress shielding after fracture fixation
Stress shielding after fracture fixation is a result of the higher stiffness of the implant, which results in bone loss as a consequence of decreased physiologic loading of the bone according to Wolff's law. Stainless steel, although leads to an excellent union rate, eliminates dynamic loading t...
Article
Overstuffing (shoulder arthroplasty)
Overstuffing of the total shoulder arthroplasty or shoulder hemiarthroplasty is secondary to an oversized humeral component or inaccurate positioning of the prosthetic humeral head, which can lead to subacromial impingement from malposition with attritional rotator cuff tears.
Medial overstuffi...
Article
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK)
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a special thermoplastic engineering plastic with biological, mechanical, and chemical properties that provides an alternative to titanium alloys in the development of implantable load-bearing medical devices, which require extra strength and biocompatibility 1,2....
Article
Pico method
The Pico method is a CT-based calculation of glenoid bone loss in terms of an area (expressed in mm 2 or surface percentage). Before treatment, glenoid bone defect quantification with PICO method is required to select the best option (i.e. arthroscopy vs open surgery with bone transposition).
M...
Article
Inferior tympanic artery
The inferior tympanic artery is a small branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery that supplies the tympanic cavity.
Summary
origin: proximal neuromeningeal trunk of ascending pharyngeal artery
course: passage through tympanic canaliculus
termination: anastomosis with caroticotympanic arter...
Article
Cruess classification of humeral head osteonecrosis
The Cruess classification of humeral head osteonecrosis uses plain radiographs, CT and/or MRI for its staging system. Early Cruess stage osteonecrosis may only be detected on MRI.
Classification
The Cruess classification is the best-known system and is composed of five stages 1:
stage I: pre-...
Article
Gallbladder folds
Gallbladder folds arise due to the gallbladder wall folding onto itself. They are thick, junctional in nature and incomplete or non-continuous in appearance.
The posterior wall is usually involved, however, anterior wall folds may also occur 1. The folding may produce a bizarre or unusual shap...
Article
Urinary bladder cyst
Urinary bladder cysts are considered tumor-like lesions and true simple cysts arising from the bladder wall are extremely rare 1.
Pathology
Three types of cysts have been described 1:
urachal cysts: dome and anterior wall
cloacal cysts: posterior wall
simple cyst of the bladder wa...
Article
Periprosthetic joint infection of shoulder arthroplasties
Periprosthetic joint infection of shoulder arthroplasties is one of the most common reasons for post-operative revision surgery. Propionibacterium acnes is the most commonly associated organism.
Epidemiology
The mean incidence has been reported to be ~1%; although after reverse total shoulder ...
Article
Nerot-Sirveaux classification of scapular notching
The Nerot-Sirveaux classification of scapular notching describes the radiographic extent of bone loss in patients with scapular notching after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA).
An AP glenoid view (tangential to baseplate) is needed to assess for scapular notching, which will allow vis...
Article
Pancreatoduodenal space
The pancreaticoduodenal space (PDS) or groove (PDG) is a small anatomical potential space between the pancreatic head and duodenum 1.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
medial: pancreatic head
lateral: 2nd portion of duodenum
superior: duodenal bulb
inferior 3rd portion of duodenum
posterior: infer...
Article
Evans syndrome
Evans syndrome is an autoimmune condition with two or more cytopenias, usually caused by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with or without immune neutropenia.
Epidemiology
Evans syndrome is considered rare, with defining bicytopenias present in less than 5% ...
Article
Akeret staging of neuroepithelial tumors
The Akeret or anatomical staging of neuroepithelial tumors adheres loosely to the general scheme underlying AJCC TNM staging. Like other cancer staging systems, it assists in estimating the individual prognosis, in tailoring patient-specific therapy and surveillance, and in improving the compara...
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