Items tagged “stub”
1,316 results found
Article
Scalenus anterior muscle
The scalenus anterior (also known as anterior scalene) muscle is a neck muscle, one of the three scalene muscles and known as the "key" structure for the thoracic inlet as it is an important anatomical landmark.
Summary
origin: transverse processes of 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae
insertion: ...
Article
Scalenus medius muscle
The scalenus medius (middle scalene) muscle is one of the three scalene muscles in the neck.
Summary
origin: transverse processes of lower six cervical vertebrae (C2-C7)
insertion: upper surface of first rib
action (similar to scalenus anterior muscle)
raises first rib (respiratory inspirat...
Article
Reperfusion pulmonary edema
Reperfusion pulmonary edema (also known as reimplantation response) is a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema usually seen within 48 hours after lung transplantation.
Reperfusion edema usually resolves over a period of days to months, usually within 1-2 weeks.
Diagnosis is one of exclusion ...
Article
Subcoracoid triangle sign
The subcoracoid triangle sign refers to the obliteration of the fat triangle between the coracohumeral ligament (superiorly), coracoid process / coracobrachialis (anterosuperiorly) and glenohumeral joint capsule (posteroinferiorly). It is considered a specific but not sensitive sign for adhesive...
Article
Granular cell tumor of the pituitary region
Granular cell tumors of the pituitary region, also known as pituitary choristomas, are rare low-grade tumors of the posterior pituitary and infundibulum.
Terminology
Care must be taken when reading older literature as granular cell tumors of the pituitary region, and alternative names includi...
Article
Periportal hypoechogenicity
Periportal hypoechogenicity can result from many causes:
orthotopic liver transplant rejection
congestive hepatopathy
malignant lymphatic obstruction
cholangitis
viral hepatitis
See also
periportal hyperechogenicity
periportal halo
Article
Diffusely increased bone marrow FDG uptake
A diffuse homogeneous bone marrow FDG uptake usually reflects hyperplastic bone marrow which can be seen in the following conditions:
therapy-related
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
post-chemotherapy
erythropoietin
pathological process
myelodysplastic syndromes
beta-thalasse...
Article
Celery stalk metaphysis
Celery stalk metaphysis refers to a plain film appearance of the metaphyses in a number of conditions characterized by longitudinally aligned linear bands of sclerosis. They are seen in:
congenital infections
congenital rubella
congenital syphilis
congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
osteopathi...
Article
Melting ice cube sign (lungs)
The melting ice cube sign describes the resolution of pulmonary hemorrhage following pulmonary embolism (PE).
When there is pulmonary hemorrhage without infarction following PE, the typical wedge-shaped, pleural-based opacification (Hampton's hump) resolves within a week while preserving its t...
Article
Right atrial enlargement
Right atrial (RA) enlargement is less common, and harder to delineate on chest radiograph, than left atrial (LA) enlargement.
Pathology
Etiology
Enlargement of the right atrium (RA) can result from a number of conditions, including:
raised right ventricular pressures
pulmonary arterial hype...
Article
Neurodegenerative disease
Neurodegenerative disease is a blanket term encompassing a wide variety of disorders, typically slowly progressive, with variable gradual neurologic dysfunction.
Over the years numerous classification schemas have been described, each adding a layer of confusion for students. The main distinct...
Article
Cystic retroperitoneal lesions
Cystic retroperitoneal lesions carry a relatively broad differential, which includes:
retroperitoneal lymphatic malformation
retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma
retroperitoneal cystic teratoma
retroperitoenal cystic mesothelioma
pseudomyxoma retroperitonei with cystic change
perianal muci...
Article
Stylohyoid muscle
The stylohyoid muscle is one of the suprahyoid muscles of the neck. Its lower end divides allowing passage of the digastric tendon. Stylohyoid draws the hyoid bone backwards during swallowing.
Summary
origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: hyoid bone
action: retracts and eleva...
Article
Large for dates uterus
A large for date uterus is a clinical observation based on uterine fundal height, which may result in referral for ultrasound assessment, usually in mid to late pregnancy.
Pathology
Etiology
incorrect dates
constitutionally large fetus
multiple pregnancy
fetal macrosomia
polyhydramnios
u...
Article
Delayed myocardial enhancement
Delayed myocardial enhancement, as seen on cardiac MRI, occurs when gadolinium contrast material seeps into fibrotic or necrotic myocardial tissue. It is due to a number of etiologies, and has variable appearances.
subendocardial enhancement indicates an ischemic etiology
transmural enhancemen...
Article
TOAST classification in acute ischemic stroke
The TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification denotes five etiologies of ischemic stroke.
large-artery atherosclerosis
cardioembolism
small-vessel occlusion (lacune)
stroke of other determined etiology
stroke of undetermined etiology
It is thought to carry good in...
Article
Ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma
An ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma (CACF) is an extremely rare ovarian tumor. The tumor has a fibrous component is considered as the malignant counterpart of an ovarian cystadenofibroma (CAF) 1. There is very little literature on the imaging findings of these.
Article
Meconium pseudocyst
Meconium pseudocyst formation is a complication that can occur with meconium peritonitis.
Pathology
It occurs when the extruded meconium becomes walled off within the peritoneal space.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
May be seen as a rim calcified mass within the abdomen.
Antenatal ...
Article
Variation in cord insertion
There can be several variations with cord insertion into the placenta:
central insertion (~90%): normal situation
eccentric cord insertion: lateral insertion of the umbilical cord >2 cm from the placental margin
term sometimes used synonymously with marginal cord insertion
marginal cord inse...
Article
Marginal cord insertion
Marginal cord insertion, also known as a 'battledore insertion', is a type of abnormal cord insertion.
Terminology
Insertion of the umbilical cord within <2 cm from the placental margin is described as marginal cord insertion (usually defined as <2 cm 5, although some references define it as <...
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