Bone contusion
Bone (marrow) contusion (also known as bone bruising) is an osseous injury which may result from compression of bone structures.
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Pathology
Bone contusions represent trabecular microfractures with hemorrhage and without a discrete fracture line or contour abnormality 4. They typically appear within 48 hours of injury and can persist for up to six months 3.
Etiology
Most bone contusions are a result of a direct blow to the bone, traction from avulsion trauma or compression of adjacent bones 1,2. Depending on where bone contusion is seen, the underlying trauma mechanism can be identified. Each trauma mechanism has its own pattern of bone contusion.
Complications
They can progress to osteochondritis dissecans 2.
Radiographic features
MRI
MRI is the modality of choice when investigating bone marrow. Bone (marrow) contusion is typically ill-defined with the following signal characteristics 4:
- T1: hypointense area of bone marrow that is affected
- T2: hyperintense area of bone marrow that is affected
See also
Related Radiopaedia articles
Fractures
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fracture
- terminology
- fracture location
- diaphyseal fracture
- metaphyseal fracture
- physeal fracture
- epiphyseal fracture
- fracture types
- avulsion fracture
- articular surface injuries
- complete fracture
- incomplete fracture
- infraction
- compound fracture
- pathological fracture
- stress fracture
- fracture displacement
- fracture translation
- fracture angulation
- fracture rotation
- fracture length
- distraction
- impaction
- shortening
- fracture location
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skull fractures
- base of skull fractures
- skull vault fractures
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facial fractures
- fractures involving a single facial buttress
- alveolar process fractures
- frontal sinus fracture
- isolated zygomatic arch fractures
- mandibular fracture
- nasal bone fracture
- orbital blow-out fracture
- paranasal sinus fractures
- complex fractures
- fractures involving a single facial buttress
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spinal fractures
- classification (AO Spine classification systems)
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cervical spine fracture classification systems
- AO classification of upper cervical injuries
- AO classification of subaxial injuries
- Anderson and D'Alonzo classification (odontoid fracture)
- Levine and Edwards classification (hangman fracture)
- Roy-Camille classification (odontoid process fracture )
- Allen and Ferguson classification (subaxial spine injuries)
- subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC)
- thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems
- three column concept of spinal fractures (Denis classification)
- classification of sacral fractures
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cervical spine fracture classification systems
- spinal fractures by region
- cervical spine fractures
- thoracic spine fractures
- lumbar spine fractures
- spinal fracture types
- classification (AO Spine classification systems)
- rib fractures
- sternal fractures
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upper limb fractures
- classification
- Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury)
- Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture)
- AO classification (proximal humeral fracture)
- Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture)
- Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture)
- Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna)
- Mason classification (radial head fracture)
- Frykman classification (distal radial fracture)
- Mayo classification (scaphoid fracture)
- Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb)
- Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury)
- Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury)
- upper limb fractures by region
- shoulder
- clavicular fracture
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scapular fracture
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- coracoid process fracture
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- arm
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carpal bones
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- pisiform fracture
- hamate fracture
- trapezoid fracture
- trapezium fracture
- hand
- shoulder
- classification
- lower limb fractures
- classification by region
- pelvis
- hip
- Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture)
- Garden classification (hip fracture)
- American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture)
- femoral
- knee
- Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture)
- Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture)
- tibia/fibula
- Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture)
- ankle
- foot
- Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus)
- Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture)
- Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture)
- Myerson classification (Lisfranc injury)
- Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury)
- pelvis and lower limb fractures by region
- pelvic fracture
- sacral fracture
- coccygeal fracture
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hip
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femoral neck fracture
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- basicervical fracture
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trochanteric fracture
- pertrochanteric fracture
- intertrochanteric fracture
- subtrochanteric fracture
- thigh
- mid-shaft fracture
- bisphosphonate-related fracture
- knee
- avulsion fractures
- Segond fracture
- reverse Segond fracture
- anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
- posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
- arcuate complex avulsion fracture (arcuate sign)
- biceps femoris avulsion fracture
- iliotibial band avulsion fracture
- semimembranosus tendon avulsion fracture
- Stieda fracture (MCL avulsion fracture)
- patellar fracture
- tibial plateau fracture
- avulsion fractures
- leg
- tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture
- tibial shaft fracture
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- ankle
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- Chopart fracture
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- navicular fracture
- medial cuneiform fracture
- intermediate cuneiform fracture
- lateral cuneiform fracture
- cuboid fracture
- metatarsal bones
- phalanges
- tarsal bones
- classification by region
- terminology
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