Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,870 results found
Article
Persistent hypophyseal canal
Persistent hypophyseal canal, also known as the craniopharyngeal canal when larger than 1.5 mm in diameter, is a rare congenital defect characterized by communication through the central skull base between the nasopharynx and the pituitary fossa.
Terminology
There are a number of terms that r...
Article
Cone-shaped cecum (differential)
A cone-shaped cecum refers to a loss of the normal rounded appearance of the cecum, which instead becomes narrow and cone-shaped with the apex pointing towards the base of the appendix. It is encountered in a number of conditions including:
inflammatory
infective
blastomycosis
amoebiasis
Ye...
Article
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) represents a group of inflammatory demyelinating disorders united by the presence of IgG antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). It is becoming increasingly evident that MOGAD represents a distinct clinical...
Article
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe demyelinating diseases, which in seropositive cases, is caused by an autoantibody to the aquaporin-4 water channel. The classic presentation of NMOSD is with the triad of optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive myelitis, and positive an...
Article
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia describes the traumatic disruption of musculature and fascia of anterior abdominal wall without skin penetration.
Clinical presentation
Abdominal skin ecchymosis or abrasions may be seen.
Pathology
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is caused by blunt trauma to t...
Article
Limited intimal tear
Limited intimal tears (LIT) of the aorta or limited aortic intimal tears are subtle localized tears of the aortic intima without tear extension and represent an uncommon form of aortic dissection that can manifest as acute aortic syndrome 1-5.
Epidemiology
Limited intimal tears are uncommon an...
Article
Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor
Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor is an uncommon benign condition, which is most commonly monoarticular (~70% knee joint), but occasionally, it can be polyarticular.
Please see the overview article tenosynovial giant cell tumor for content common to both the localized type and diffuse type...
Article
Right hemicolectomy
A right hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the cecum and ascending colon.
Indications
cancer of the appendix, cecum or ascending colon (most common) 1
inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn disease
complicated appendicitis
cecal volvulus
perforation of the right colon
...
Article
Pelvic congestion syndrome
Pelvic congestion syndrome (some prefer pelvic venous insufficiency 9 ) is a condition that results from retrograde flow through incompetent valves in ovarian veins resulting in pelvic varices and pelvic pain. It is a commonly missed and potentially treatable cause of chronic abdominopelvic pain...
Article
Steinstrasse
Steinstrasse [stīn′shtra-se] is the German word for "stone street", describing a possible complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary tract calculi, wherein a column of stone fragments forms that blocks the ureter.
Terminology
The term steinstrasse can equally, alb...
Article
Epiploic appendagitis
Epiploic appendagitis is a rare self-limiting ischemic/inflammatory process that affects the appendices epiploicae of the colon and may either be primary or secondary to adjacent pathology. This article pertains to primary (spontaneous) epiploic appendagitis. The term, along with omental infarct...
Article
Hyperattenuating ring sign (epiploic appendagitis)
The hyperattenuating ring sign is a sign that has been described with epiploic appendagitis and intraperitoneal focal fat infarction. It refers to a hyperattenuating ring of visceral peritoneum. In the setting of epiplogic appendagitis, the ring would surround a thrombosed vascular pedicle with ...
Article
Brasfield scoring system
The Brasfield scoring system is a scoring system for patients with cystic fibrosis based on scoring conventional chest radiograph findings 1. It has good correlation with pulmonary function 2.
Points are assigned in five categories:
Air trapping (0-4)
Definition: generalized pulmonary overdis...
Article
Cortical laminar necrosis
Cortical laminar necrosis, also known as pseudolaminar necrosis, is necrosis of neurons in the cortex of the brain in situations when the supply of oxygen and glucose is inadequate to meet regional demands. This is often encountered in cardiac arrest, global hypoxia and hypoglycemia.
It should ...
Article
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is one of many pediatric cystic renal diseases.
On imaging, it usually presents on ultrasound with enlarged echogenic kidneys with multiple small cysts. Liver involvement with coarse echotexture, biliary tract cystic changes, and portal hype...
Article
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis (or uterine adenomyosis) is a common uterine condition of ectopic endometrial tissue in the myometrium, sometimes considered a spectrum of endometriosis. Although most commonly asymptomatic, it may present with menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea.
Pelvic imaging (i.e. ultrasound, MRI) may ...
Article
Venetian blind appearance (uterus)
The Venetian blind (a.k.a. rain shower 2) appearance is a sonographic finding that is typically associated with adenomyosis but can also occur in uterine fibroids. The Venetian blind appearance associated with adenomyosis is typically "thin" whereas when associated with uterine fibroids, there a...
Article
Ultrasound assessment of carotid arterial atherosclerotic disease
Ultrasound assessment of carotid arterial atherosclerotic disease has become the first choice for carotid artery stenosis screening, permitting the evaluation of both the macroscopic appearance of plaques and flow characteristics in the carotid artery.
This article focuses on internal carotid a...
Article
Prévost sign (eyes)
The Prévost sign, also known as the Vulpian sign or eye sign, refers to conjugate eye deviation in patients with acute stroke. The direction is variable, depending on the location of the stroke 3.
In a hemispheric stroke, the eyes deviate ipsilaterally towards the stroke (i.e. contralateral to ...
Article
Lumbosacral trunk
The lumbosacral trunk is the distal trunk of the lumbar plexus arising from the anterior rami of the L4 and L5 nerve roots which contributes to the sacral plexus.
Gross anatomy
Origin
It arises from anterior rami of L4-L5 roots of the lumbar plexus.
Course
emerges over the medial border of ...
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